Baiquni, Ahmad, Ahmad Raihan Al Biruni, and Juhardin. “Artificial Intelligence in Islamic Philosophy: A Qur’anic Epistemological Framework for AI Ethics ”. Madinah: Jurnal Studi Islam 13, no. 1 (May 14, 2026): 135–147. Accessed May 15, 2026. https://ejournal.iai-tabah.ac.id/madinah/article/view/4693.