Uncovering Islamic Economic Systems in Pesantren: a Systematic Review Across Indonesia, Thailand, and Bangladesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58518/madinah.v13i1.4720Kata Kunci:
Islamic Economic System, Pesantren, Islamic Social Finance, Community EmpowermentAbstrak
This study departs from the tendency to view pesantren solely as an educational institution, while its economic dimension is rarely understood as an inherent system. The research aims to identify and synthesize repeated economic patterns in pesantren studies through Systematic Literature Review in three contexts: Indonesia, Thailand, and Bangladesh. The key question is whether the economic practice shows consistent characteristics so that it can be understood as an Islamic economic system inherent in the structure of Islamic boarding schools. The SLR method follows the PRISMA flow by examining 41 selected articles. The results showed consistent patterns: maqāṣid foundations, spiritual leadership, experiential entrepreneurial pedagogy, formal business institutions, Islamic social finance financing, community empowerment orientation, and institutional adaptive capacity. This cross-context consistency emphasizes that the economy is not an additional element, but rather the structural foundation of the Islamic boarding school. The study's main contribution is the ontological redefinition of pesantren as an Islamic value-based economic system, while offering a new analytical framework for the study of pesantren studies, Islamic economics, and community-based education
Unduhan
Referensi
Abubakar, Arfriani Maifizar, Heri Fajri, Basri Basri, Arifudin M. Arif, and Nanda Saputra. “Integrating Entrepreneurial Values into Faith-Based Education: A Study of Traditional Pesantren in Aceh.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 13, no. 2 (May 30, 2025): 1421–46. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i2.1934.
Al-Hakim, Sofian Fi An, Mohamad Sar’an, Ah Fathonih, and Agi Attaubah Hidayat. “Contextualising Sharīʿah Economic Law: The Role of Pesantren in Indonesia’s Socio-Legal Landscape.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani 12, no. 2 (2025): 479–96. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v12i2.7926.
Alfathon, Amri Mahbub. “Writing the Pesantren Library: A Conceptual and Framework Proposition.” Open Information Science 9, no. 1 (August 19, 2025). https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2025-0022.
Alhifni, Anas, Nurul Huda, Muslich Anshori, and Rully Trihantana. “WAQF an Instrument of Community Empowerment in Islamic Boarding School Daarut Tauhiid in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance 13, no. 2 (2017): 76–88. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034626930&partnerID=40&md5=b17a803d302ab17a5580b7cbc266ba48.
Ali, A M Hasan. “Community-Based Economic Development and Partnership Cooperation: The Economics Strategy for Prosperity of the Ummah.” Samarah 8, no. 2 (2024): 1280 – 1300. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.22925.
Anwar, Mokhamad Zainal, Fathan, Warto, and Okta Nurul Hidayati. “Transformation Of Economic Theology For Community Empowerment A Case Study on Pesantren-Based Bank Wakaf Mikro.” Journal of Indonesian Islam 17, no. 1 (2023): 76 – 99. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2023.17.1.76-99.
Argyris, Ch., and D. A. Schön. “Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective.” Reis, no. 77/78 (1997): 345. https://doi.org/10.2307/40183951.
Asror, Ahidul. “Transformative Propagation1 of Islamic Boarding School in Response to Contemporary Challenges.” Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 25, no. August (2017): 187 – 194. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051414966&partnerID=40&md5=732bcd3a84842bd2c8bb4e169fe64ee6.
Assalihee, M, N Bakoh, Y Boonsuk, and J Songmuang. “Transforming Islamic Education through Lesson Study (LS): A Classroom-Based Approach to Professional Development in Southern Thailand.” Education Sciences 14, no. 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14091029.
Asutay, Mehmet. “Islamic Moral Economy as the Foundation of Islamic Finance.” In Islamic Finance in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781002513.00014.
Azra, Azyumardi. Pendidikan Islam: Tradisi Dan Modernisasi Di Tengah Tantangan Milenium III. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2019.
Baidi, and Suyatno. “Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Self Efficacy and Need for Achievement toward Students’ Entrepreneurship Intention: Case Study in FEBI, Iain Surakarta, Indonesia.” Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 21, no. 2 (2018). https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046552818&partnerID=40&md5=de550e97fa683ba47f184be453bc31a3.
Bashith, Abdul, Ramadhani Lausi Mkumbachi, Muh Yunus, Saiful Amin, Dwi Sulistiani, and Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah. “Nexus of Economic Teaching in Religious Education: A Case Study of Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia.” Cogent Education 12, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2486633.
Bass, Bernard M, and M Bass Bernard. Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations. Vol. 25. Free press New York, 1985.
Bruinessen, Martin van. Kitab Kuning, Pesantren, Dan Tarekat: Tradisi-Tradisi Islam Di Indonesia. Mizan. Bandung, 1995.
Coleman, James S, and B T - American Journal of Sociology. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94 (1988): S95–120. http://www.jstor.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/stable/2780243.
David, Ifeolu, Sarah Hultine Massengale, Claire Wolff, Dwayne James, Anna Russell, Tasnim Haq, and Wilson Majee. “Neighborhood Leadership Development: An Exploration of Features of Successful Community-Based Participatory Leadership Programs.” Journal of Community Practice 34, no. 1 (January 2, 2026): 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2026.2644398.
Dhofier, Zamakhsyari. Tradisi Pesantren: Studi Pandangan Hidup Kyai Dan Visinya Mengenai Masa Depan Indonesia (Edisi Revisi). LP3ES. Jakarta, 2011.
Dimaggio, Paul J., and Walter W. Powell. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” The New Economic Sociology: A Reader, no. May (2021): 111–34. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101.
Feigenblatt, Otto Federico von, Malcolm Cooper, and Phillip Pardo. “Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP): Thailand’s Emic Approach to Governance and Development as Evidence of an Asian Value-Oriented Inclusive Leadership Management Philosophy.” Strategic Analysis 46, no. 4 (July 4, 2022): 430–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2022.2111765.
Fry, Louis W. “Toward a Theory of Spiritual Leadership.” The Leadership Quarterly 14, no. 6 (December 2003): 693–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001.
Geertz, Clifford. The Religion of Java. London: University of Chicago press, 1976.
Guarín-García, Andrés Felipe, and Odette Chams-Anturi. “Organizational Ambidexterity in Emerging Markets: A Bibliometric Analysis.” Journal of Innovation Management 13, no. 4 (March 25, 2026): 60–89. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_013.004_0003.
Güney, Necmeddin. “Maqāsid Al-Sharī‘a in Islamic Finance: A Critical Analysis of Modern Discourses.” Religions 15, no. 1 (January 16, 2024): 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15010114.
Hadi, Rahmini, null Sochimin, and Abdul Basit. “Sharia Strategic Economic Model on Digital Zakat Technology in Indonesia; Стратегічна Економічна Модель Шаріату Щодо Цифрової Технології Закята в Індонезії; Стратегическая Экономическая Модель Шариата Относительно Цифровой Технологии Закята в Индонезии.” Economic Annals-XXI 187, no. 1–2 (2021): 82–89. https://doi.org/10.21003/EA.V187-08.
Hashim, Norashidah, Azizah Othman, Nasri Hussin, and Armanurah Mohamad. “Islamic Entrepreneurship Education Model for Higher Education Institution.” Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 5 Special Issue (2019): 511 – 526. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071975275&partnerID=40&md5=ac1474c5bb7baf1939e7c34cb490c1b0.
Heffernan, Colleen J. “Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, Albert Bandura Englewood Cliffs.” In Behaviour Change, 2014/10/06., 5:37–38. New Jersey: Cambridge University Press, 1988. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S0813483900008238.
Huda, Miftahul, Aditya Prastian Supriyadi, and Ramadhita Ramadhita. “Productive Waqf Law Reform: A Solution to Support Indonesian Local Economy amid Contemporary Global Recession.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 4, no. 1 (2025): 319–59. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i2.10210.
Hudaefi, Fahmi Ali, and Neni Heryani. “The Practice of Local Economic Development and Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘ah: Evidence from a Pesantren in West Java, Indonesia.” International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 12, no. 5 (2019): 625 – 642. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2018-0279.
Huq, M Azizul, and Foyasal Khan. “The Role of Cash Waqf in the Development of Islamic Higher Education in Bangladesh.” Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance 13, no. 4 (2017): 45 – 65. https://doi.org/10.12816/0051001.
Idrus, S Al, M Djakfar, and A Abdussakir. “Contribution of Entrepreneurship Learning on Self-Employment Intention among Students: A Case Study at State Higher Education of Islamic Religion in East Java.” Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal 25, no. 1 (2019). https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068864059&partnerID=40&md5=aa312901ad16d0b0f40428675911e5ae.
Janmaimool, P, and C Denpaiboon. “Rural Villagers’ Quality of Life Improvement by Economic Self-Reliance Practices and Trust in the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy.” Societies 6, no. 3 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/soc6030026.
Karim, Abdul, Oman Fathurohman, Sulaiman, Lina Marliani, Fakhri Fajrin Kurniawan, Firman Nugraha, Muaripin, Fitri Meliani, Mohammad Ridwan, and Risbon Sianturi. “Islamic Spiritual Leadership of Kyai in Fostering Santris’ Entrepreneurial Spirit and Independence in Boarding School.” Social Sciences & Humanities Open 12 (2025): 101817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101817.
Kitanant, T, P M Cain, K Kaewhanam, P Kaewhanam, and A Pongsiri. “The Development of Strategies Managements for the Community Enterprises in the Nakhon Chai Burin Province Cluster, Thailand.” Quality - Access to Success 26, no. 205 (2025): 34–48. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/26.205.04.
Kolb, David A. “Experiential Learning: Experience as The Source of Learning and Development.” Prentice Hall, Inc., no. 1984 (1984): 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-7223-8.50017-4.
Lateh, A, J Thongsuk, D Machae, A Masae, A Lateh, N Khongpheng, and R Pooteh. “Exploring Management Strategies for Private Islamic Schools in the Deep South of Thailand Using the PMDG Guidelines: An Application of Fuzzy Delphi Method.” Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 8, no. 5 (2024): 1050–61. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i5.1805.
Lateh, Afifi, Jarunee Thongsuk, Daniya Machae, Abdunkareem Masae, Alawee Lateh, Narida Khongpheng, and Rohani Pooteh. “Proposed Management Model and Policies Inspired by PMDG Administration for Private Islamic Schools in the Deep South of Thailand.” Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS) 22, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00519.
Lave, Jean, and Etienne Wenger. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355.
Lertthanakulvat, S, and R Sonsuphap. “Self-Sufficiency Communities For Economic Development: Urban Perspectives In An Emerging Country.” Journal of Governance and Regulation 13, no. 2 (2024): 68–75. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv13i2art6.
Lewin, Kurt. “Frontiers in Group Dynamics: Concept, Method and Reality in Social Science; Social Equilibria and Social.” Human Relations 1, no. 1 (June 1, 1947): 5–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872674700100103.
Malisi, M. Ali Sibram, Sulasman Sulasman, and Abd Hakim Mohad. “Institutionalizing Educational Reform: Balancing Tradition And Modernity At Pesantren.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 10, no. 2 (December 10, 2024): 363–74. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v10i2.24636.
Mariyono, Dwi. “Forming Multicultural Entrepreneurs Attitudes (MEA): Insights from Islamic Boarding School.” The Bottom Line, August 21, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-03-2024-0030.
MAX WEBER. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Routledge, 2012.
Musoffa, Azzam, Muhammad Jihad Albanna, Hilda Lutfiani, Rasfiuddin Sabaruddin, and Syah Wardi. “The Dynamics Of Acceptance And Resistance To Productive Waqf: A Case Study of Mathali’ul Anwar and Al-Ishlah in Lamongan.” Miqot: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 48, no. 2 (2024): 188–205. https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v48i2.1271.
Nadhif Muhammad Mumtaz, Evi Muafiah Alghani, and Doli Witro. “Educational Policy Analysis: Examining Pesantren Policies and Their Implications on the Independence of Kyai and Pesantren in the Contemporary Era.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 287–306. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.v21i2.9612.
Najib, Muhammad, Maskuri Maskuri, and M. Mas’ud Sa’id. “Curriculum Management and Power Relations: Strategies for Multicultural Character Development of Santri in Traditional Pesantren.” Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2026): 109–24. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v7i1.2261.
Novianti, Lelly Lailiyah, Suparto Wijoyo, Mas Rahmah, Prawita Thalib, Radian Salman, Rosa Ristawati, and Ficky Dahliana Fauzia. “THE PESANTREN WAY IN CREATING LEADERS.” JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM 19, no. 2 (December 3, 2025): 363. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2025.19.2.363-388.
null Sabarudin, Muhammad Nurul Mubin, Amin Maghfuri, Muh Wasith Achadi, null Mardeli, null Syarnubi, and Sembodo Ardi Widodo. “Navigating Existence And Community Harmony: A Case Study Of Pondok Pesantren In Muslim Minority Ende, Nusa Tenggara Timur.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 12, no. 3 (2024): 1335–56. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i3.1152.
Page, Matthew J, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick M Bossuyt, Isabelle Boutron, Tammy C Hoffmann, Cynthia D Mulrow, Larissa Shamseer, et al. “The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews.” BMJ, March 29, 2021, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.
Phoochinda, W. “Development of Community Network for Sustainable Tourism Based on the Green Economy Concept.” Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 6 (2018): 1236–43. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v9.6(30).13.
Plank, Christina, Robert Hafner, and Rike Stotten. “Analyzing Values-Based Modes of Production and Consumption: Community-Supported Agriculture in the Austrian Third Food Regime.” Österreichische Zeitschrift Für Soziologie 45, no. 1 (March 22, 2020): 49–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11614-020-00393-1.
Polanyi, K. (1944). The Great Transformation, 1–317.Polanyi, K. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press, 1944.
Prasojo, Eko, Zuliansyah P. Zulkarnain, Julyan Ferdiansyah, Debie Puspasari, and Defny Holidin. “Infusing Indigenous Islamic Values into Western-Style Public Administration in Indonesia: The Role of Pesantren Institutions.” In Islamic Public Value, 308–34. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035333646.00026.
Putnam, Robert D. “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital.” Journal of Democracy 6, no. 1 (1995): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002.
Putnam, Robert D, Raffaella Y Nanetti, and Robert Leonardi. “Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy,” 1994.
Romprasert, S, T Romprasert, and D Tanamee. “Economic Development Mechanisms: Community Resources.” In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2562 CCIS:155–77, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-95898-4_12.
Rusydiana, Aam Slamet, Muhammad Fajar Dito Prakoso, Hakan Aslan, and Ririn Riani. “Unveiling the Effects of Zakat toward Socioeconomic Empowerment in OIC Countries.” International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-10-2024-0331.
Sakurai, K, and F Adelkhah. The Moral Economy of the Madrasa: Islam and Education Today. The Moral Economy of the Madrasa: Islam and Education Today, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203840788.
Salleh, M J, J Kornkasem, and A A Rashid. “Management System of Islamic Private Secondaiy Schools in Bangkok, Thailand.” Islamic Quarterly 55, no. 1 (2011): 21–38. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880948022&partnerID=40&md5=f8e757c90236b5c35c594e1ea2d9d495.
Samsu, Samsu, Martin Kustati, David D Perrodin, Mahyudin Ritonga, Muhammad Kosim, Rusmini Rusmini, and Suwendi Suwendi. “Community Empowerment in Leading Pesantren: A Research of Nyai’s Leadership.” International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education 10, no. 4 (2021): 1237–44. https://doi.org/10.11591/IJERE.V10I4.21833.
Sanchez-Ruiz, Paul, Ileana Maldonado-Bautista, Peter G. Klein, and Joseph Vaughn. “Moral Boundaries: How Sacred Values and Cultural Tightness Influence Entrepreneurial Action.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, February 25, 2026, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2026.2634963.
Sarwenda, H. Rahim, D. Rosyada, A. Zamhari, and A. Salim. “Development of Digital Entrepreneurship Programs in Pesantren in Indonesia.” In Religion, Education, Science and Technology towards a More Inclusive and Sustainable Future, 273–78. London: Routledge, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003322054-46.
Scott, W. Institutional Theory: Contributing to a Theoretical Research Program. Oxford UK: University Press., 2005.
———. Institutions and Organizations: Ideas and Interests, 2008.
Siregar, Resi Atna Sari, Mahmoud Ali Rababah, Raja Ritonga, Titi Martini Harahap, and Erpiana Siregar. “Islamic Boarding School Cooperatives as an Instrument for Empowering the Community’s Economy: Analysis of Islamic Economic Law.” Nurani 25, no. 1 (2025): 323 – 343. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v25i1.27698.
Soemitra, Andri, null Kusmilawaty, and Tri Inda Fadhila Rahma. “The Role of Micro Waqf Bank in Women’s Micro-Business Empowerment through Islamic Social Finance: Mixed-Method Evidence from Mawaridussalam Indonesia.” Economies 10, no. 7 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10070157.
Solikhudin, M, I Y Nugroho, M F Rohman, A R Meidina, and A Faidati. “National Fiqh and Maqasid Based Ijtihad: Reassessing Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi through Jamal Al-Din ‘Atiyyah.” Mawaddah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 3, no. 2 (2025): 383–405. https://doi.org/10.52496/mjhki.v3i2.38.
Strydom, A J, D Mangope, and U S Henama. “Lessons Learned from Successful Community-Based Tourism Case Studies from the Global South.” African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 7, no. 5 (2018). https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058119595&partnerID=40&md5=0ebebe042a8e38ee76e8d231461f6f98.
Sukmana, Raditya, Ririn Tri Ratnasari, Rifaldi Majid, and Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Shafiai. “Designing Waqf-Based Financing Model for Livestock Project: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia.” International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 17, no. 3 (2024): 599 – 617. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-06-2023-0211.
Sulistyowati, Raya, Farij Ibadil Maula, Angga Martha Mahendra, and Fahrullah A’rasy. “Ecosystems and Entrepreneurial Intention among Students: The Mediating Role of Islamic Values.” Perspektivy Nauki i Obrazovania 69, no. 3 (2024): 113 – 129. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2024.3.7.
Thompson, E. P. “The Moral Economy Of The English Crowd In The Eighteenth Century.” Past and Present 50, no. 1 (1971): 76–136. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/50.1.76.
Uluyol, Burhan, Adil Azizoglu, and Ibrahim Güren Yumuşak. “Financing Infrastructure Development in Emerging Markets: Bonds or Sukuk?,” 13–30, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07224-5_2.
Wahid, K H Abdurrahman. Menggerakkan Tradisi; Esai-Esai Pesantren. Yogyakarta: Lkis Pelangi Aksara, 2001.
Wardi, Moh, Ismail Ismail, Zainollah Zainollah, and Ismail Suardi Wekke. “Entrepreneurship and Financing in Islamic Educational Institution of Darul Ulum Banyuanyar Pamekasan.” Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal 25, no. Special Issue 2 (2019): 1–14. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081218873&partnerID=40&md5=52831107e63a70df7ff2c3fdcde20cb9.
Wibowo, Agus, Sri Umi Mintarti Widjaja, Sugeng Hadi Utomo, Djoko Dwi Kusumojanto, Cipto Wardoyo, Bagus Shandy Narmaditya, and Ludi Wishnu Wardana. “The Role of Entrepreneurial Education and Islamic Values Matter.” International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education 11, no. 3 (2022): 1607 – 1616. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22264.
Widiastuti, Tika, Imron Mawardi, Siti Zulaikha, Hüseyin Ergun, and Zainal Abidin. “Strategic Solutions for Women’s Empowerment through Islamic Social Finance in Light of Maqāṣid Syarī’ah: A Delphi-ANP Approach.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial 20, no. 1 (2025): 28–62. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v20i1.16831.
Widodo, Sembodo Ardi, Muhammad Nurul Mubin, Sabarudin, and Toni Pransiska. “Reproducing Islamic Knowledge in Indonesian Pesantren: Turāṯ , Textual Tradition, and Epistemic Continuity.” British Journal of Religious Education, April 15, 2026, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2026.2659837.
Wongkumchai, T, and S Kiattisin. “Information Analysis and Evaluation Model (IAEM) of Thai Economy Sustainability Based on SEP and SDGs.” Heliyon 7, no. 6 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07305.
Wulandari, Ariani Dwi, and Apol Pribadi Subriadi. “The Impact of the Ecosystem on the Digitization Process of Pesantren Tebuireng’s Startup,” 100006, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0117673.
Yusuf, Muhamad, null Alwis, Mhd Rasidin, Doli Witro, and Andri Nurjaman. “The Role of Islamic Boarding Schools in Student Empowerment: Study of Anak Jalanan At-Tamur Islamic Boarding School in Bandung Regency.” Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 45, no. 3 (2024): 779–90. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2024.45.3.09.
Zaki, Irham, M Bastomi Fahri Zusak, Muhamad Nafik Hadi Ryandono, and Luthfi Nur Rosyidi. “Designing Strategy of Pesantren Unit Business Virtual Market in Indonesia.” Quality - Access to Success 26, no. 207 (2025): 297 – 302. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/26.207.31.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Moh. Kusno, Nur Azizah, Ach. Puniman (Author)
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
2.png)
