Pergeseran Kepercayaan Media dan Pembentukan Opini di Kalangan Generasi Muda Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58518/alamtara.v10i1.3957Keywords:
Media Trust Shift, Indonesian Youth, Alternative Media, Public Opinion FormationAbstract
Dominasi media alternatif digital telah mengubah lanskap konsumsi informasi generasi muda Indonesia. Padahal, kajian sebelumnya masih menjebak diri pada dikotomi media lama-baru, tanpa membandingkan secara empiris tingkat kepercayaan generasi muda terhadap media alternatif dan media mainstream pada subjek yang sama—sebuah kekosongan yang nyata dalam konteks mahasiswa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menyelidiki pergeseran kepercayaan media dan pembentukan opini di kalangan Generasi Z Indonesia (18-30 tahun). Menggunakan desain survei dengan pertanyaan terbuka (survey-dominant design) pada 51 mahasiswa Komunikasi UIN Tulungagung yang dipilih secara acak, data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner semi-terstruktur. Temuan utama mengungkap: (1) Media sosial (Instagram, TikTok, Twitter) menjadi saluran primer (78,4%) dengan frekuensi akses media alternatif (86,3% sering/sangat sering) jauh melampaui media mainstream (70,6% kadang/jarang); (2) Kepercayaan pada media alternatif (47,1%) lebih tinggi daripada mainstream (25,5%), didorong persepsi kebebasan ekspresi (60,8%) dan kecepatan update (54,9%), sementara distrust terhadap mainstream dipicu intervensi pemilik modal (72,5%) dan keterikatan politik (56,9%); (3) Media alternatif memiliki pengaruh lebih kuat (35,3% sangat memengaruhi) terhadap pembentukan opini sosio-politik dibandingkan mainstream (31,4%), terutama dalam memobilisasi gerakan sosial (68,6% terlibat, 74,5% dipicu alternatif); (4) Terjadi paradoks literasi digital: 92,2% percaya diri bernavigasi digital tetapi hanya 31,4% rutin verifikasi konten dan 49% kesulitan membedakan fakta-opini; (5) Fragmentasi ruang informasi ditandai echo chambers (63%) dan filter bubbles (32%). Penelitian ini menegaskan urgensi penguatan literasi media kritis dan regulasi ko-adaptif untuk menjaga ekosistem informasi deliberatif bagi demokrasi digital Indonesia.
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