Transliteration Guide
Arabic words, names and titles in Al Furqan are transliterated according to the ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Arabic), the system used by the Library of Congress and most international journals in Islamic studies.
Consonants
| ا | a / ʾ | ب | b | ت | t |
| ث | th | ج | j | ح | ḥ |
| خ | kh | د | d | ذ | dh |
| ر | r | ز | z | س | s |
| ش | sh | ص | ṣ | ض | ḍ |
| ط | ṭ | ظ | ẓ | ع | ʿ |
| غ | gh | ف | f | ق | q |
| ك | k | ل | l | م | m |
| ن | n | و | w | ه | h |
| ء | ʾ | ي | y | ة | a / at |
Vowels
| Short / Pendek | a, i, u |
| Long / Panjang | ā, ī, ū |
| Diphthong / Diftong | aw, ay |
| Nisba | -iyy (-ī at word end) |
Rules
- Definite article: al- before all letters, including sun letters: al-shams, al-raḥmān. After a preposition or wa: wa-al-, li-al-.
- Tāʾ marbūṭa: -a in pause (sūra), -at in construct (sūrat al-Baqara).
- Shadda is written by doubling the letter: tafsīr, ḥajj, Muḥammad.
- Initial hamza is not written: amr, not ʾamr.
- Titles of books and articles are capitalised on the first word and proper names only: Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān.
- Indonesian personal names follow the spelling used by the person (e.g. Hasyim Asy’ari, Quraish Shihab); established English words (Qur’an, hadith, sharia, Sufi) are written without diacritics.
- Qur’anic quotations: Arabic text in Unicode, then transliteration if needed, then translation with the source edition, e.g. (Q.S. al-Fātiḥa [1]: 1).
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